This paper presents a novel attempt to fabricate 3D scaffolds, using hydrogels which in the future can be combined with cells. RP or solid free‐form fabrication techniques hold great promise for designing 3D customized scaffolds yet traditional cell‐seeding techniques may not provide enough cell mass for larger constructs. For customized TE, it is essential to be able to fabricate 3D scaffolds of various geometric shapes, in order to repair tissue defects. Originality/value – One of the important aspects of TE is the design scaffolds. Improvements regarding the mechanical properties of the scaffolds are also necessary. Research limitations/implications – Important challenges for further research are the incorporation of growth factors, as well as cell seeding into the 3D dispensing plotting materials. Findings – It is shown that the RPBOD system can be interfaced with imaging techniques and computational modeling to produce scaffolds which can be customized in overall size and shape allowing tissue‐engineered grafts to be tailored to specific applications or even for individual patients. The applications of the scaffolds are discussed based on its potential for TE. These scaffolds can be manufactured containing particular active compounds, such as hydroxyapatite precursors and/or different growth factors to enhance bone regeneration process. The required geometric data for the freeform scaffold were obtained from CT‐scan images and the dispensing path control data were converted form its volume model. ![]() An example of fabrication of a freeform hydrogel scaffold is demonstrated. physical methods or chemical methods 23, 24. Generally, crosslinking mechanisms are usually divided into two kinds, i.e. The scaffold properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, porosity calculation and compression test. The collagen/chitosan scaffolds ought to be stabilized by crosslinking to further increase their mechanical strength and hydrolysis resistance for in vivo implantation 21, 22. Neutralization of the acetic acid by the sodium hydroxide results in a precipitate to form a gel‐like chitosan strand. The system is a computer‐controlled four‐axis machine with a multiple‐dispenser head. Design – A desktop rapid prototyping robot dispensing (RPBOD) system has been developed to fabricate scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE) applications. Purpose – This paper aims to present a novel rapid prototyping (RP) fabrication methods and preliminary characterization for chitosan scaffolds. Hutmacher Yoke San Wong Han Tong Loh Jerry Y.H. ![]() Direct writing of chitosan scaffolds using a robotic system Direct writing of chitosan scaffolds using a robotic system
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